Abscess
A swollen or inflamed area of body tissue in which pus gathers.

Acidosis
An excessive acidity of body fluids due to either an accumulation of acids or a loss of bicarbonate (the hydrogen ion concentration is increased and thus the pH is decreased). See pH balance.

Acupoints
Acupuncture points throughout the body, along the meridians, which correspond to specific organs. See Meridian.

Acupressure
Uses the fingers or hands to press, puncture, or heat certain points on the body in order to relieve ailments. The pressure is designed to release energy blocks in the meridians of the body. It was discovered by the Chinese over five thousand years ago.

Acupuncture
A more technologically advanced method of acupressure created by the Chinese over five thousand years ago. Special needles are inserted into certain points of the body in order to correct and rebalance the flow of vital life energy (also known as qui or chi), and thereby relieve pain, or restore health.

Acu-Yoga and Do-In
Two types of self-acupressure techniques.

Adaptogen
A substance with qualities which increase resistance and resilience to stress, enabling the body to adapt around the problem and to avoid reaching collapse. Adaptogens work through support of the adrenal glands.

Addictions
Obsession or habitual behaviours. Having an unhealthy dependence on a substance or activity. Common addictions and compulsions involve consumption of nicotine, caffeine, and alcohol. Behavioural addictions include overeating, shopping, gambling, and hyper sexuality.

Adjustment
In chiropractic, a small controlled thrust that moves a joint slightly beyond its normal range of motion.

Affirmations
An affirmation is an expression that is either written down, spoken (out loud or silently), or chanted. An affirmation creates wellness by bringing new thought patterns and positive changes into your present condition. The key rule in creating an affirmation statement is to keep the focus in the now (I am), not in the future (I will) tense.

Akashic Records
Some people believe that everything that has ever happened - every event, every thought, every action, every feeling since the beginning of time - has been accurately "recorded" in "Akasha," an astral light which exists beyond the range of our natural senses in the fourth dimension.

Alexander Technique
Developed by an Australian actor at the turn of the century, this technique focuses on the posture of the body. Various movements, positions, and "exercises" are used to bring the posture into better alignment so function can be improved and pain reduced. Compression is seen as the adversary of proper posture, so the focus involves lengthening.

Allergist
A board certified physician specialized in the treatment and/or elimination of allergies and their symptoms. "The NAET (Nambudripad Allergy Elimination Technique) therapy eliminates allergies completely without needles, drugs or pain. Elimination of allergies is accomplished by reprogramming the brain. This reprogramming is done by spinal stimulation and acupressure."

Allopathy
The treatment of disease by creating conditions that are opposite or hostile to the conditions resulting from the disease itself; from Greek roots meaning other and disease. Drugs and surgery are allopathic treatments. The term is sometimes used to refer to conventional Western medicine to contrast it with alternative therapies, particularly homeopathy, which is based on like curing like.

Alternative Medicine
Alternative Medicine is a term used when therapies are presented as an option to conventional or Western medical treatments. It is also know as complimentary medicine.

Amino Acids
Amino acids are the basic building blocks of the 40,000 different proteins in the body. Including enzymes, hormones, and the key brain chemical messenger molecules called neurotransmitters. Eight amino acids cannot be made by the body and must be obtained through the diet; others are produced in the body but not always in sufficient amounts. The body's main "amino acid pool" consists of: alanine, arginine, aspargine, aspartic acid, carnitine, citrulline, cysteine, cystine, GABA, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, ornithine, phenylaniline, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.

Amma Therapy
A system of bodywork therapy that uses traditional oriental medical principles for assessing and evaluating imbalances in the energetic system. It aims to restore, promote and maintain optimum health through the treatment of the physical body, bio-energy and emotions. Used for a wide range of conditions.

Amulet
Amulets are charms or fetishes used for attracting good luck, offering protection or promoting healing. Amulets are typically worn or carried on a person. Fetish objects commonly used in healing include: feathers, crystals, seashells, clay figures, fur, leather, stone or wood carvings

Analgesic
A pain- relieving substance.

Ancestor Worship
Ritualized propitiation and invocation of dead kin, based on the belief that spirits influence the fate of the living. A widespread ancient practice.

Animism
Belief that a spirit or force resides in every animate and inanimate object, every dream and idea, giving individuality to each. The related Polynesian concept of mana holds that the spirit in all things is responsible for good and evil.

Antibacterial
A substance which has the property of destroying or stopping the growth of bacteria.

Antibiotics
Any of a variety of natural or synthetic substances that inhibit the growth of, or destroy, micro organisms.

Antigen
A protein, carbohydrate, or fat carbohydrate complex with the ability to identify cells as harmless and belonging to the body, or as foreign cells to be destroyed. Antigens stimulate the production of antibodies which can neutralize or destroy invading organisms. Antigens on the body's own cells are called auto antigens. Antigens on all other cells are called foreign antigens.

Anti-Inflammatory
A substance which soothes inflammation or reduces the inflammatory response of the tissue directly. Anti-inflammatories work in a number of different ways, but rarely inhibit the natural inflammatory reaction.

Antimicrobial
Antimicrobials help the body destroy or resist pathogenic (disease-causing) micro organisms by helping the body strengthen its own resistance to infective organisms.

Antispasmodic
Antispasmodics ease cramps in smooth and skeletal muscles. They alleviate muscular tension and, as many are also nervines, ease psychological tension as well.

Antiviral
Any substance which bears the properties of opposing the action of a virus.

Applied Kinesiology
Chiropractors are often trained in kinesiology; it is a technique based on the belief that specific muscle function is related to certain body systems, and that the muscles can therefore be used to diagnose a variety of physical problems. The muscles are tested, and weakness is then related to specific organ/system function.

Aromatherapy
Uses essential oils from flowers, trees, roots, herbs, berries and fruits, to treat emotional disorders such as stress and anxiety as well as a wide range of other ailments and to promote physical, mental and emotional wellness. Oils are either massaged into the skin in diluted form, inhaled, placed in baths, or applied on and around the body. Aromatherapy is often used in conjunction with massage therapy, acupuncture, reflexology, herbology, chiropractic and other wholistic healing.

Art Therapy
Art therapy involves the application of play or creativity through artwork (painting, sketching, sculpting, etc.) as a means to tap into emotional issues to heal anxieties and heartache. It is also known as therapeutic expression.

Astral Flight
Taking astral flight is a period of time in which a person's consciousness drifts away from his or her body, enabling observation of the world from a non-physical aspect. Also known as Out-of-Body Experience, Remote Viewing, Astral Projection

Astringent
Astringents have a binding action on mucous membranes, skin, and other tissue. They reduce irritation and inflammation, and create a barrier against infection that is to wounds and burns.

Astrology
Is the science, which is able to interpret the influences of the heavenly bodies on human beings and their affairs. Just as it is known that the moon has a profound influence on our oceans’ tides, so are humans affected in a similar way. We are, after all, about 80% water. Using the birth or natal chart, which maps the positions of the planets at the time of birth, is each individual's information derived. The interpretation of the chart includes the understanding of the relationships between planets and the signs of the zodiac. Including the area of the chart in which they will fall, symbolic factors, the location of birth, which assists in the examination of the different levels of the emotional and spiritual psychology, and physiology of the individual. Astrology can help someone to explore deeper individual potential and meaning, to see how aspects of the personality may be integrated. This facilitates an understanding of the cycles of life and creation, thus promoting ways to achieve the greatest practical application and fulfilment from the energies symbolized in the chart.

Attunements
Reiki attunements open and expand the Ki-holding capacity or the Hara Line and clear energy blockages. Attunements open a channel for the Reiki energy to flow from practitioner to client. The more a practitioner uses Reiki the clearer and stronger the flow becomes. The attunement process is what makes Reiki stand apart from other types of healing systems. Also known as Initiation

Aura
The aura is an electromagnetic field surrounding the human form. People with enhanced psychic ability are able to see the movement and varied colours of the aura. Kirlian photography is a technique that captures the light from the auras of humans and plant life. The aura is also commonly referred to as the eighth chakra.

Auras are like magnets picking up vibrational energies that are floating around everywhere we go. It is important to cleanse your aura frequently to free it of foreign vibrations and negative energies. Also known as: auric field, radiance, eighth chakra.

Aura Colour Healing
Drawing equally from ancient Hindu beliefs and the work of modern psychic healers like Edgar Cayce, aura or colour healers look for a dark or greyish area in a multi-coloured aura field surrounding the body to indicate potential health problems. Colour healers apply remedial colours where they notice a colour deficiency.

Autoimmune Disease
A disease produced --the body's normal tolerance of its own antigenic markers on cells disappears. Auto antibodies produced by B lymphocytes and attack cells, whose surface contains a "self' antigen or auto antigen, causing destruction of tissue. Includes diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and Graves' disease.

Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANK) can be likened to your body's automatic pilot. It keeps you alive through breathing, heart rate, and digestion, without your being aware of it or participating in its activities. The ANS has two divisions: the sympathetic, which expends body energy; and the parasympathetic, which conserves body energy. The sympathetic nervous system is associated with arousal and stress; it prepares us physically when we perceive a threat or challenge by increasing our heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension. The parasympathetic nervous system shows heart rate and increases intestinal and most gland activity.

Axiatonal Lines
Vibratory lines which connect levels of human electrochemical activity with astrobiological circuits that span the solar system and are connected with resonating star systems. The axiatonal lines connect the acupuncture mapping of the human biological system with superior astrobiological analogs.

Ayurvedic Medicine
A comprehensive system of medicine and the oldest healing art on the planet, Ayurvedic Medicine has been practiced in India for the past five thousand years; it combines natural therapies with a highly personalized approach to the treatment of disease and also places equal emphasis on body, mind, and spirit, and strives to restore the innate harmony of the individual.

Bach Flower Remedies
The Bach Flower Remedies are the collection of 38 flower essences originally discovered by the pioneer of flower essence therapy Dr. Edward Bach. Also known as flower essence therapy.
Original 38 Flowers: Agrimony, Aspen, Beech, Centaury, Cerato, Cherry Plum, Chestnut, Bud, Chicory, Clematis, Crab Apple, Elm, Gentian, Gorse, Heather, Holly, Honeysuckle, Hornbeam, Impatiens, Larch, Mimulus, Mustard, Oak, Olive, Pine, Red Chestnut, Rock Rose, Rock Water, Scleranthus, Star of Bethlehem, Sweet Chestnut, Vervain, Vine, Walnut, Water Violet, White Chestnut, Wild Oat, Wild Rose, Willow, Rescue Remedy (Five Flower Combination).

Behaviour Therapy/Modification
Aims at modifying behaviour by reinforcing acceptable behaviour and suppressing undesirable behaviour. The therapist employs any of various techniques of reward and punishment including aversion therapy, desensitization, or guided imagery. The learning theory of the psychologist B.F. Skinner and others is the basis for most behaviour therapies. In Skinner’s principle of extinction, a behaviour pattern that is not reinforced, or rewarded, will be extinguished or rendered inoperative. For example, if smoking is made unpleasant for the smoker, then the smoking habit may be curbed or given up. Behaviour therapy is used in private and institutional therapy, in group and individual settings, to treat such disorders as drug addiction, alcoholism, and phobias.
 
Balance
Balance is a "catch-all" term that describes the ultimate goal of the client/healer relationship in securing wellness. Illness or disease manifests into our physical bodies when there is an imbalance in our mental, emotional or energetic make-ups. Reiki, chakra work, yoga, breath work, and meditation (there are many more) are examples of alternative therapies that focus on bringing about and maintaining a balance.

Bile
Stored in both the liver and gallbladder, it is important as a digestive juice due to its emulsifying action which facilitates the digestion of fats in the intestines, as well as stimulating peristalsis.

Bioenergetics
Holds that repressed emotions and desires affect the body and psyche by creating chronic muscular tension and diminished vitality and energy. Through physical exercises, breathing techniques, verbal psychotherapy, or other forms of emotional-release work, the therapist attempts to loosen this character armour and restore natural well-being.

Biofeedback Training
This technique uses simple electronic devices to teach a person how to change or control his or her own vital, bodily functions; biofeedback has been particularly successful for learning to modify or reduce stress, relieve pain, control asthmatic attacks, recondition injured muscles, and eliminate headaches.

Biofield
An energy field that suffuses living bodies and extends several inches beyond the body. This concept is employed in therapies such as healing touch, medical qigong, therapeutic touch, and reiki. In these therapies, the biofield from a practitioner’s hands is joined to the recipients biofield in order to treat an illness or to promote health. There is no consensus on what biofield is; some say it is spiritual energy, others say it is an electromagnetic field.

Biorhythms
The principle behind biorhythms is that our lives are affected by three primary cycles: Physical, Emotional, and Intellectual. When any of the individual cycles are at a high point, things we do that require aspects of that trait are more successful. When any of the individual cycles are at a low point the reverse is true. Some people routinely monitor their biorhythms and act accordingly.

Blood Sugar
Sugar in the form of glucose present in the blood, normally 60 to 100 milligrams/ 100 millilitres of blood. It rises after a meal to as much as 150 milligrams/l00 millilitres of blood, but this may vary.

Body-Mind Centring
A movement-re education approach that explores how the body’s systems contribute to movement and self-awareness. The approach also emphasizes movement patterns that develop during infancy and childhood. Incorporates guided movement, exercise, imagery and hands-on work.

Body-Oriented Psychotherapy
Seeks to enhance the psychotherapeutic process by incorporating a range of massage, bodywork and movement techniques. Acknowledging the mind-body link, practitioners may use light touch, soft or deep-tissue manipulation, breathing techniques, movement, and exercise or body awareness techniques to help address emotional issues.

BodyTalk
BodyTalk (http://www.bodytalksystem.com/) is a simple and effective form of therapy that allows the body's energy systems to be re-synchronized so that they can operate as nature intended. Each system, cell and atom is in constant communication with each other at all times. Through exposure to the stresses of day-to-day life, these lines of communication become compromised, which then leads to a decline in physical, emotional and/or mental health. Reconnecting these lines of communication then enables the body's mechanisms to function at optimal levels, thus preventing disease and rapidly accelerating the healing process. BodyTalk can be used as a stand-alone system to treat many health problems, or seamlessly integrated into any health care system to increase its effectiveness and promote faster healing.

BodyTalk's major assets are its simplicity, safety, and the speed of its results. It is non-invasive, objective in application, and works effectively on humans and animals alike.

Bodywork
Bodywork is a category of holistic therapies which facilitate the manipulation of the skeleton (bony) structure and/or body tissue. Massage therapy, reflexology, and chiropractic care are some of the better known bodywork therapies.

Bowel Tolerance
The maximum amount a person can take in of a substance before experiencing loose stools or diarrhoea.

Cancer Marker
A cancer marker refers to any of a variety of blood tests which measure the level of a protein material or other chemical produced by cancer cells. These numbers become elevated in the presence of a cancer or tumour. There are different cancer markers for different kinds of cancer; CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), test for colon cancer, AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) test for liver cancer (primary hepatocellular carcinoma), PSA (prostate specific antigen) for prostate cancer, CA (carcinoma) 15-3 or 27.29 for breast cancer, and CA 125 for ovarian cancer, to name a few.

Candida Albicans
Small, oval budding fungus or yeast that is the primary disease causing organism of the infection moniliasis candidiasis, commonly referred to as Candida.

Carcinogens
Cancer-producing agents.

Chakras
There are seven major chakra centres in the human body (Animals also have chakras). These centres correspond to specific aspects of our consciousness and have their own individual characteristics and functions. Each has a corresponding relationship to one of the various glands of the body's endocrine system, as well as to one of the seven colours of the rainbow spectrum.
No.1
Chakra: Root
Location: Base of the spine.
Function; Gives vitality to the physical body. Life-force, survival, self-preservation, instincts.
Colour: Red
C
Freq.: 4Hz

No.2
Chakra: Sacral Plexus
Location: Lower abdomen to navel area.
Function: Procreation, assimilation of food, physical force and vitality, sexuality.
Colour: Orange
Tone: D
Freq.: 6Hz

No. 3
Chakra: Solar Plexus
Location: Above the navel, below the chest.
Function: Vitalizes the sympathetic nervous system. Digestive processes, metabolism, emotions.
Colour: Yellow
Tone: E
Freq.: 10Hz

No. 4
Chakra: Heart
Location: Center of the chest.
Function: Anchors the life-force from the Higher Self. Energizes the blood and physical body with the life-force. Blood circulation.
Colour: Green
Tone: F
Freq.: 12Hz

No. 5
Chakra: Throat
Location: Throat area.
Function: Speech, sound, vibration, communication.
Colour: Blue
Tone: G
Freq.:16Hz

No. 6
Chakra: Brow
Location: Center of the forehead, between the eyebrows.
Function: Vitalizes the lower brain (cerebellum) and central nervous system. Vision.
Colour: Indigo
Tone: Ab
Freq.: 96Hz

No. 7
Chakra: Crown
Location: Top of the Head
Function: Vitalizes the upper brain (cerebrum).
Colour: Violet
Tone: B
Freq.: 960Hz

Chelation Therapy
Typically administered in an osteopathic or medical doctor’s office, chelation therapy is a series of intravenous injections of the synthetic amino acid EDTA, designed to detoxify the body. Often used to treat arteriosclerosis, angina, Alzheimer’s disease. EDTA stands for ethylenediaminetetruacetic acid (an amino acid). FDA approved for removing lead and other heavy metals from the bloodstream. One theory holds that chelation removes the calcium in arterial plaque; another suggests that EDTA works as an antioxidant. Proponents say that chelation also reverses gangrene, relieves the pain associated with lupus and arthritis, and reverses memory loss.

Chi or Qui
The vital life energy present in all living organisms; the energy which circulates in the meridians of the body.

Chinese Medicine
At least 3,000 years old, Chinese Medicine is based on the view that humanity is part of a larger creation, that is, the universe itself; therefore, we are all subject to the same laws that govern nature. The understanding of health, then, begins with an understanding of nature, and the laws that govern it. Principles include the law of yin and yang, awareness and manipulation of life energy (Qi or Chi) which flows through meridians of the body, and the Five Element Theory. Oriental Health systems like acupuncture, shiatsu, acupressure massage, macrobiotics, Do-In, and sotai are based upon Chinese Medicine.

Chiropractic
Chiropractic is a therapeutic system based upon the premise that interference with nervous system function predisposes the body to a disease state. The method of work focuses on restoring normal condition by correcting the vertebral segments of the spinal column, which are a primary cause of nerve dysfunction. Central to chiropractic technique is the "adjustment" of the specific spinal vertebrae that are out of alignment or subluxated.

Cholesterol
Cholesterol is an essential component in cell membranes needed by the body to make bile salts, which help absorb the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and essential fatty acids from the small intestine.

Cholesterol, a steroid, is also at the beginning of the pathway that manufactures steroidal hormones and male and female sex hormones, including pregnenolone, testosterone, estradiol, estrone, progesterone, DEHA, and cortisol. These are critical for the health of the immune system, the mineral regulating functions of the kidneys, and the smooth running of the hormonal systems in men and women.

Cholesterol is not only obtained through the diet, but produced by the liver, which synthesizes about 3,000 mg of new cholesterol in any 24-hour period, a quantity equivalent to the amount contained in ten eggs.

This new cholesterol is used to repair cells; when cholesterol levels get too low, depression, lung disease, and even cancer can result.

Chromosomes
Present in the nucleus of cells and containing the DNA which transmits genetic information, chromosomes contain the genes or hereditary determiners. The normal number of chromosomes for a human being is forty-six in all somatic cells.

Chromotherapy
Chromotherapy is a healing therapy that uses colour and light to bring about a balance in one's being. Chromo means colour and therapy is healing.

Circulating Immune Complexes
Circulating Immune Complexes (CICs) form in the body when poor digestion results in undigested foods "leaking" through the intestinal wall and into the blood-stream. The immune system treats these foreign substances or antigens as invaders, causing antibodies to form and couple with them. This antigen and antibody combination is known as a CIC. In a healthy person, CICs are neutralized, but in someone with a compromised immune system, they tend to accumulate in the blood where they burden the detoxification pathways or initiate an allergic reaction. If too many CICs accumulate, the kidneys cannot excrete enough of them via the urine. The CICs are then stored in soft tissues, causing inflammation and bringing stress to the immune system. The overload can lead to a variety of chronic health conditions.

Clairvoyance
Clairvoyance is the gift of second sight. Clairvoyance is a visual form of ESP (extrasensory perception) involving perceiving or intuiting information by way of seeing auras, colours, images, or symbols via third eye sensory. Other common forms of ESP are clairaudience (inner hearing), clairsentience (feeling or sensory experience), and knowing (unwavering awareness).

Colloidal Silver
Colloidal silver is a homeopathic remedy that consists of drinking water infused with particles of silver ion via a battery-charge. Colloidal silver is taken internally as an immune booster for treating cold and flu symptoms. It can also be applied topically in the treatment of cuts, scratches, and skin rashes. Colloidal silver works by destroying harmful bacteria. Also known as Argentum Elixir.

Colon Hydrotherapy (Colonics)
This therapy uses a series of water flushes directed into the colon through a disposable tube which is placed into the anus; these water flushes cleanse and detoxify the lower intestine and aid in the reconstitution of intestinal flora. The purpose of colonics is to balance the body chemistry, eliminate waste, and restore proper tissue and organ function.

Colorpuncture
Esogetic Colorpuncture is a fairly new development in holistic healing and one of Europe's more popular new alternative healing disciplines. The originator of Colorpuncture is a German scientist and naturopath named Peter Mandel who conducted more than 25 years of intensive empirical research to develop this unique system of healing. Colorpuncture involves focusing colored light on acupuncture (and other) points on the skin in order to energize powerful healing impulses in our physical and energy bodies.

Colour Therapy
Chromotherapy is a healing therapy that uses colour and light to bring about a balance in one's being. Chromo means colour and therapy is healing.

Core Energetics
Core Energetics is a psychotherapy process founded by John C. Pierrakos, M.D. Core Energetics is based on a therapeutic approach that seeks the integration of the emotional, physical, intellectual and spiritual by bringing consciousness, movement and, ultimately, transformation to the core's overlying defensive structure.

Coxsackievirus
A group of viruses first isolated in 1948 from two children in Coxsackie, New York. Most coxsackievirus infections in humans are mild, but the viruses do produce a variety of illnesses including aseptic meningitis (inflammation of the meninges not due to micro organisms), herpangina (a benign infectious disease of children), epidemic pleurodynia (disease characterized by pain of sharp intensity in the chest accompanied by fever), acute upper respiratory infection, and myocarditis of the newborn (inflammation of the middle layer of the walls of the heart), among others. It is possible that infection during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause increased incidence of congenital heart lesions in newborns.

Craniosacral Therapy
The craniosacral therapist focuses on releasing restrictions of the cranial sutures and the underlying membranes through gentle hands-on contact with the bones of the skull. Craniosacral Therapy is gaining acceptance by health professionals worldwide as a successful treatment modality to improve overall body functioning, and treat a range of conditions, from headaches and ear infections, to stroke, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy. It has been especially successful in treating newborns and infants for common conditions such as earaches, sinus congestion, vomiting, irritability, and hyperactivity.

Crystal Therapy
Crystal therapy is the application of crystals or gemstones to facilitate balance and healing. Rocks and gemstones house spiritual had healing properties that can be tapped into a variety of ways. The crystals can be carried or worn on the person, or they can be placed in a location where their healing vibrations can be felt by whoever is nearby. Crystal elixirs can be made by soaking crystals for a few hours in a glass of water.
Also known as gemstone therapy, crystal healing.

Curanderismo
Curanderismo is a blending and evolution of Native American and Hispanic healing techniques involving herbs, sweats, diet, and magic. Also known as Curanderismo, Native American, Hispanic herbs.

Deep Tissue Bodywork
General term for a range of therapies that seek to improve the function of the body’s connective tissues and/or muscles. Among the conditions treated are whiplash, low back and neck pain, and degenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.

Dental Amalgam
An alloy containing mercury, tin, silver, and copper that is used in dentistry to restore teeth.

Dentistry, Holistic
Holistic dentists are licensed dentists who bring an interdisciplinary approach to their practice, often incorporating such methods as homeopathy, nutrition and acupuncture into their treatment plans. Most holistic dentists emphasize wellness and preventive care and avoid silver-mercury fillings.

Detoxification
The process of removing toxins from the body Each year people are exposed to thousands of toxic chemicals and pollutants in the earth's atmosphere, water, food, and soil. These pollutants manifest themselves in a variety of symptoms, including decreased immune function, neurotoxicity, hormonal dysfunction, psychological disturbances, and even cancer. Detoxification therapy helps to rid the body of chemicals and pollutants and can facilitate a return to health.

Diathermy
Deep-heat therapy that uses high-frequency electric currents to produce heat in body tissues. Physical therapists and sports physicians use diathermy to treat arthritis, bursitis, and fractures. It also may help treat gynaecological diseases and sinusitis.

Dietary Supplement
A product intended to supply nutrients and other healthful substances that may be lacking in a diet. Term used to apply only to vitamins, minerals, and proteins. Herbs are now classified as dietary supplements, and the definition also includes amino acids, glandulars (processed animal glands), enzymes, fish oils, and various extracts, such as flower essences. While their labels may not make any claims to cure, prevent, treat, or mitigate a disease, they can claim to help a structure or function of the body. Unlike food additives and prescription and over-the-counter drugs, dietary supplements do not require FDA approval to be sold on the market.

Dis-ease
Dis-ease, is a hyphenated variation of the word "disease." The term dis-ease is used by individuals and healing communities who are aligned with wellness, choosing not to empower health issues by focusing on a particular ailment. The intent is to place emphasis on the natural state of "ease" being imbalanced or disrupted.

Discernment
Opposing the theory of having "blind faith" (accepting answers without question) discernment requires a person to use his own judgement. Using discernment is a technique of connecting to your inner knowledge, accepting only information and suggestions given to you by others (healers, doctors, neighbours, family, etc.) regarding your own self truth that "feels" accurate. Discernment is the action of going with your gut instincts. You become an advocate for your best interests and personal well being.

DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide)
Solvent capable of passing through body tissues, approved by the FDA to treat one medical condition, interstitial cystitis (an uncommon bladder inflammation). Proponents & manufacturers claim that DMSO heals a wide range of problems (including bruises, pimples, herpes) and relieves pain from conditions such as muscle strains. They credit DMSO with the ability to kill bacteria and fungi, improve circulation, and stimulate the immune system. DMSO produces strong garlic breath in users, even when used topically or intravenously.

DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA); all plants and animals, including humans, are made up of cells. Each cell contains a chemical called DNA; the 'master blueprint' of the cell; in humans, for example, it is the genetic material that determines how the body is built; specifies traits such as height, hair texture and colour, number of fingers on each hand, and blood type.

Doshas
Ayurvedic Medicine teaches that each person is made up of a combination of the three types of doshas. These doshas (collectively called tridoshas) are subtle energies comprised of these five universal elements: space, air, earth, fire, and water. Vatha is a combination of air and space. Pitta is mostly fire with some water elements. Kapha is mostly water with some earth elements.

Double-Blind Study
A clinical trial in which neither the investigator nor the study participant is aware of the treatment received. See also Single-Blind Study.

Dowsing
Dowsing (not to be confused with divination or any spiritual practice); locating subtle time/space/energy/mass harmonics by interaction of resonant lines using one's own living system as an objective, directional locator consisting of its own resonant structure.

Dreamcatchers
Dreamcatchers are Native American crafted willow hoops woven in the form of spider webs were meant to protect the sleeping dreamer by capturing nightmares and evil spirits.
Also known as sacred hoops

Dream Therapy
Mental activity associated with the rapid-eye-movement period of sleep. Generally consists of visual images and may reflect bodily disturbances or external stimuli. In primitive and ancient cultures, dreams played an extensive role in myth and religion. Freud emphasized dreams as keys to the makeup of the individual and distinguished between the experienced content of a dream and the actual meaning of the dream. Jung held that dreams are not limited to the personal unconscious but may also be shaped by archetypes that originate in the collective unconscious of the human species.

Drug Therapy
Various drugs are used to alleviate symptoms of some mental illnesses. Lithium is used in alleviating symptoms of manic depression. Tranquilizers are used to reduce anxiety. All drugs have side effects, such as Ritalin, which is prescribed for hyperactive children, and can retard physical growth.

Ear Candling
Also called Ear Coning. Involves placing the narrow end of a specially designed hollow candle at the entry of the ear canal, while the opposite end is lit. Primarily used for relieving wax build up and related hearing problems, ear candling is also used for ear infections and sinus infections.

Electrolytes
Electrolytes are substances in the blood, tissue fluids, intracellular fluids, or urine which conduct an electrical charge, either plus or minus. Examples include acids, bases, and salts, such as potassium, magnesium, phosphate, sulphate, bicarbonate, sodium, chloride, and calcium. Electrolytes provide inorganic chemicals for cellular reactions and control mechanisms, such as the conduction of electro-chemical impulses to nerves and muscles. Electrolytes are also needed for key enzymatic reactions involved in metabolism, or the release of energy from food.

Elements
The four basic elements are air, earth, fire, and water. Understanding what each element represents helps us evaluate where our individual strengths and weaknesses are. Healers have found that focusing on the elements can often be helpful when seeking what course of treatments would best address our problems.
Air represents intellect, mental intention, and connection to universal life force.
Earth represents grounding, foundation of life, substance, connection to life path, and family roots.
Fire represents energy, tool for transformation, connection to personal power, and inner strength.
Water represents emotional release, intuition, and inner reflection.

Empty Nest Syndrome
Feelings of depression, sadness or grief experienced by parents and caretakers after children coming of age leave their childhood homes is known as the empty nest syndrome. Empty nest is a form of separation stress or emotional loss. Other types of situations that cause separation stress include death, divorce, loss of employment, and loss of home.
Also known as Separation Stress.

Empaths
Empaths are highly sensitive individuals who "feel" what other people near them are feeling and experiencing. Being empathic can be problematic for anyone who cannot discern the difference between his own suffering and the pain of others. It is taxing to the emotional and physical body to take on the symptoms of others and not have the knowledge of how to release pains that do not belong there. A healer with empathic tendencies can use this ability as a diagnostic tool, helping him to better relate to the symptoms and pain of his clients. An empathic healer is trained to recognize the pain he takes on is temporary and will quickly release it once he has gathered the useful information. Also known as a highly sensitive person (HSP)

Endocrine Glands
The endocrine glands, including the testicles, ovaries, pancreas, adrenals, thyroid, parathyroid, are central to the regulation and normalization of all the body's complex, inter-connected systems, from metabolism and heat production to spermatogenesis and uterine preparations for pregnancy.

Energy Field Work
Practitioners look for weaknesses in the energy field in and around the client’s body and seek to restore its proper circulation and balance. Energy channelled through the practitioner is directed to strengthen the body’s natural defences and help the client’s physical, mental, emotional and/or spiritual state.

Energy Healing
Energy healers work either by touching or not touching the body to clear, charge, balance and repair the auric fields. They channel healing energy into the client to bring about either full or partial healing to any part of the body. An experienced healer will know where the body needs healing. There is nothing that cannot be healed, only that which is not ready.

Energy Medicine
Energy Medicine is a classification of energy-based therapies that incorporate evaluation and manipulation of the body's chi, unlocking blockages and stagnant energies that compromise the natural flow of energy. Energy Medicine modalities include Reiki, Acupuncture, breath work, Therapeutic Touch, chakra balancing, Pranic Healing, Chios Energy Healing, and many others. Also known as Energy Healing.

Enzyme
Any one of the numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions.

Enzyme Therapy
A form of therapy that employs supplements of plant and animal enzymes to improve digestive function and other conditions. During digestion, the body’s own digestive enzymes are not the only ones at work; the enzymes present in raw fruits and vegetables also contribute to the breakdown of food in the stomach. Enzyme therapy advocates supplementation to reduce the work that the body has to do, and because plant enzymes are destroyed in cooking. Since enzymes can’t be synthetically manufactured, supplements are derived from plants or from animal tissues. Some practitioners inject liquid enzymes to treat cancer and multiple sclerosis. Enzyme supplements are available over the counter, singly or in combination, in capsule, tablet, powder, and liquid form.

Essential
A nutritional term applied to vitamins, minerals, and amino acids; refers to anything that the body does not manufacture and that must be obtained through the diet.

Essential Oils
An essential oil is a concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile or ethereal oils, or simply as the "oil of" the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. An oil is "essential" in the sense that it carries a distinctive scent, or essence, of the plant. Essential oils do not as a group need to have any specific chemical properties in common, beyond conveying characteristic fragrances.
Essential oils are generally extracted by distillation. Other processes include expression, or solvent extraction. They are used in perfumes, cosmetics, soap and other products, for flavouring food and drink, and for scenting incense and household cleaning products.
Various essential oils have been used medicinally at different periods in history. Medical application proposed by those who sell medicinal oils range from skin treatments to remedies for cancer, and are often based on historical use of these oils for these purposes. Such claims are now subject to regulation in most countries, and have grown more vague to stay within these regulations.
Interest in essential oils has revived in recent decades with the popularity of aromatherapy, a branch of alternative medicine which claims that the specific aromas carried by essential oils have curative effects. Oils are volatilized or diluted in a carrier oil and used in massage, diffused in the air by a nebulizer or by heating over a candle flame, or burned as incense, for example.

Expressive Therapies
Use the arts to promote physical & mental health and personal growth. Examples of expressive therapies include art therapy, dance therapy, drama therapy, music therapy, poetry, and psychodrama.

Feathering
Feathering is a technique used in energy healings. A healer can incorporate the use of feathers in a number of ways. The auric field can be cleansed by sweeping a bird's wing, handmade feather whisk, or a single feather in the space surrounding an individual. Feathering also introduces the element of air into the healing space.

Feldenkrais Method (Awareness thru movement)
The Feldenkrais practitioner helps to change habitual holding patterns in the patient's body, and re educate people to become aware of how they move and how they could move differently, in order to reduce stress to muscles, joints and ligaments. The effects of Feldenkrais often include a deep physical and mental relaxation, a new awareness of the body and the ways in which it can move, and the lessening of chronic and acute musculo-skeletal aches and pains.

Feng Shui (pronounced Fung Schway)
Also known as Geomancy is the art of placement. The meaning of which, is literally, "wind and water." It was studied and developed in China about 4,000 years ago. Everything in creation is "energy." The natural elements have their own electro-magnetic energy field, just like humans do. These magnetic fields interact with each other, and with awareness we can harmonize them, and in this harmony everything can serve its purpose for the highest good of the individual and the whole. Natural elements and electromagnetic energies do affect the quality of people's lives. The ancient Chinese learned how to live in harmony with these forces in order to maximize their health, wealth and harmonious relationships. This art form is used to locate the most suitable site for a new building, to make simple interior adjustments and major architectural choices for homes and places of business. An office with improved Feng Shui can help increase internal and external harmony, productivity and income, more harmonious relationships, resolve conflicts and help one feel more energized in life.

Flower Essences
These are intended to alleviate negative emotional states that may contribute to illness or hinder personal growth. Drops of a solution infused with the captured essence of a flower are placed under the tongue or in a beverage. The appropriate essences are chosen, focusing on the client’s emotional state rather than on a particular physical condition.

Flower Remedies
The term bodywork refers to therapies such as massage, deep tissue manipulation, movement awareness, and energy balancing, which are employed to improve the structure and functions of the human body. Bodywork in all its forms helps to reduce pain, soothe injured muscles, stimulate blood and lymphatic circulation, and promote deep relaxation {enabling the body to rally its own recuperative powers}. [Alternative Medicine, The Definitive Guide] Thomas Claire discusses the following types of "Bodywork": Swedish Massage, Rolfing, Alexander Technique, Feldenkrais Method, Myofascial Release, Trager, Rubenfeld Synergy, Rosen Method, Shiatsu, Reflexology, Therapeutic Touch, CranioSacral Therapy, Reiki, Holotropic Breathwork, Polarity Therapy.

Free Radical
A free radical is an unstable, toxic molecule of oxygen with an unpaired electron that steals an electron from another molecule and produces harmful effects. Free radicals are formed when molecules within cells react with oxygen (oxidize) as part of normal metabolic processes. Free radicals then begin to break down cells, especially the cell membranes, often in a matter of minutes to an hour. A single free radical can destroy a cell. Their work is enhanced if there are not enough free radical-quenching nutrients, such as vitamins C and E, in the cell. While free radicals are normal products of metabolism, uncontrolled free-radical production plays a major role in the development of degenerative diseases, including cancer and heart disease. Free radicals harmfully alter important molecules, such as proteins, enzymes, fats, even DNA. Other sources of free radicals include pesticides, industrial pollutants, smoking, alcohol, viruses, most infections, allergies, stress, even certain foods and excessive exercise.

Friendly Bacteria
Friendly bacteria, or Probiotics, refer to beneficial microbes inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract where they are essential for proper nutrient assimilation. The human body contains an estimated several trillion beneficial bacteria comprising over 400 species, all necessary for health. Among the more well known of these are lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidabacterium bifidum. Overly acidic bodily conditions, chronic constipation or diarrhoea, dietary imbalances, consumption of highly processed foods, and the excessive use of antibiotics and hormonal drugs can interfere with probiotic function and even reduce the number of these microbes, setting up conditions for illness.

Fungus
A cellular organism that subsists on organic matter.

Geomancy
Feng Shui (wind and water)--also known as Chinese geomancy, Geomancy is the art of positioning physical objects in strategic locations in home and work environments to stimulate optimal wellness, wealth, and happiness. Each room is divided into nine sections called quas when considering where to put things.
Nine sections called Quas represented in the Feng Shui Baqua are:

• skills/knowledge/wisdom
• family/family relationships
• wealth/opportunity
• fame/reputation
• marriage/love relationships
• children/creativity
• travel/helpful people
• career/lifepath
• health/wellness

Glandular Extracts
Freeze-dried animal glands, processed into pill form and taken to provide the body an extra dose of a hormone. Typically made from cow, sheep, or pig glands, glandulars on the market include adrenal, testicular, ovary, pancreas, pituitary, prostate, and thymus products. Critics point out that these supplements are unlikely to boost gland function because digestion breaks down and inactivates the DNA in a glandular. In addition, using glandulars may encourage your own glands to reduce hormone production. Other risks include bacterial contamination of the product, and the antibiotics and pesticides present in the glands of the livestock they are taken from.

Glucosamine Sulphate
A natural amino sugar found in joint spaces. As a dietary supplement, it is said to stimulate the repair of arthritic joints by building up the protective cartilage that arthritis destroys.

Glucose
Blood sugar; an intermediate in the metabolism of carbohydrates in the body.

Glyconutrient
Glyconutrients are nutritional supplements with a blend of specific plant saccharides that provide support for the immune system by enhancing cell to cell communications. The term comes from the Greek work "glyco" which means "sweet." So glyconutrient means sweet nutrient; a dietary nutrient composed of a sugar. From recent scientific research, eight simple dietary sugars (monosaccharides) are now known to form the very words of life at the cellular level.

Grounding
Grounding is a process that helps the body to connect to earth energies via its root chakra. Because we are first and foremost spiritual beings the physical body sometimes gets neglected. It is important to respect and care for the "container" that houses our spirit during our incarnate lifetime. Grounding is typically done through visualization or vibrational exercises. A common visualization is to imagine your feet growing roots and anchoring them deeply and securing into the earth.

Guided Imagery
Using the power of the mind to bring about healing. It is in the body-mind where we hold perceptions of the past, in the form of emotions and images. Our beliefs are different because our perceptions of the past are unique. Though imagery we can disengage beliefs that interfere with a healthy life.

Hara Line
The hara is a core power-source that resides in the auric field of the human body. It is housed inside the tan tien, existing on the level of intentionality. The hara line continues downwards from the tan tien deep into the earth's core, connecting the individual to his soul's purpose for incarnating into the human form. Also known as Core Star Connection.

HDL Cholesterol
A cholesterol-poor, protein-rich lipoprotein of blood plasma associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis.

Healing Crisis
A common experience of those who use homeopathic medicines to treat chronic conditions and some acute illnesses in which some more external symptoms usually get worse in the process of cure.

Healing Touch
This is practiced by registered nurses and others to accelerate wound healing, relieve pain, promote relaxation, prevent illness and ease the dying process. The practitioner uses light touch or works with his or her hands near the client’s body in an effort to restore balance to the client’s energy system.

HellerWork
Developed by Joseph Heller, this is a system of somatic education and structural bodywork which is based on the inseparability of body, mind & spirit, making the connection between movement, body alignment and personal awareness. During sessions, the structural balance of the body is realized through the systematic release of muscle and connective tissue to restore the body’s optimal natural balance, posture and flexibility. Myofascial release, movement awareness and dialogue are the essence of the sessions enabling one to move more fluidly, and have increased stamina, strength and energy.

Herbalism
Herbs have provided humans with medicine from the earliest beginning of civilization. An herb can be a leaf, a flower, a stem, a seed, root, fruit, bark, or any other plant part used for its medicinal, food flavouring, or fragrant property. Herbal remedies can be used for a wide range of minor ailments, as well as a number of conditions normally treated by prescription only.

Histamine
A substance produced by the body during an allergic reaction.

HIV Therapies
Practitioners offer a range of therapies that aim to treat the human immuno-deficiency virus, AIDS, or its’ symptoms. Due to the life-threatening nature of this disease, these therapies are often used as complements to conventional approaches to HIV.

Holistic/Wholistic
An adjective meaning targeted to the whole person - mind, body, and spirit. Holistic medicine considers not only physical health but also the emotional, spiritual, social, and mental well-being of the person.

Holistic Dentistry
Holistic dentistry treats the teeth, jaw, and related structures with special focus on how treatment will affect the entire body. It stresses the use of nontoxic restoration materials for dental work, and focuses on the impact that hidden dental infections and other dental problems can have on overall health.

Homeopathy
A low-cost, non toxic system of medicine using dilutions of natural substances from plants, minerals, and animals. Based on the principle of "like cures like", these remedies specifically match different symptom patterns of illness, and act to stimulate the body's natural healing response.

Huna
Huna (meaning secret) is a system of holistic healing based on ancient knowledge originating in the Hawaiian culture. The teachings involve Huna's seven principles which collectively enable a person to connect to his/her highest inner wisdom by integrating the mind, body and spirit.
Seven Principles of Huna:
IKE -The world is what you think it is
KALA -There are no limits, everything is possible
MAKIA -Energy flows where attention goes
MANAWA -Now is the moment of power
ALOHA -To love is to be happy with
MANA -All power comes from within
PONO -Effectiveness is the measure of truth

Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)
A strong corrosive irritating acid, normally present in dilute form in gastric juice.

Hydrosol
The water that is obtained along with essential oil after plant materials are distilled. In distillation, plant materials are heated in water to release plant oils. The steam and vapour are channelled through a tube to a condensing coil, where they cool and return to liquid form. The essential oils float on top of the water. The hydrosol contains water-soluble plant constituents and trace amounts of essential oil. Hydrosols are sometimes used in aromatherapy together with the essential oils and may be spritized in the air and on the face and body.

Hydrotherapy
The use of water in any of its three forms (solid, liquid, or gas), whether it used internally or externally, for the treatment of disease of trauma, or for cleansing purposes.

Hyperthermia
This therapy deliberately creates fever in the patient in order to utilize the natural healing response.

Hypnotherapy
The induction of a state of consciousness in which normal critical powers are suspended and the mind becomes highly suggestible and able to consciously influence the body. Although the condition resembles normal sleep, scientists have found that the brain wave patterns of hypnotized subjects are much closer to the patterns of deep relaxation. Hypnosis is now generally viewed as a form of attentive, receptive, highly focused concentration in which external events are omitted or disregarded. Widely used by surgeons, dentists, and psychotherapists to relieve anxiety or as an anaesthetic. Used to relax a patient, reduce resistance to therapy, facilitate memory, to address stopping smoking, eating less, or fighting fears.

Hypothalamus
A gland which contains neurosecretions that are of importance in the control of certain metabolic activities, such as water balance, sugar and fat metabolism, regulation of body temperature, and secretion of releasing and inhibiting hormones.

IgA
An antibody in the colon that binds food and bacterial antigens.

Infant Massage
Specific massage techniques for infants, these methods can be easily learned by massage therapists, nurses, parents, and others. Premature babies are especially responsive, and recent studies have proven that the benefits of this technique include weight gain, improvement in central nervous system functioning, and enhanced emotional well-being.

Immunosuppressive
A substance which suppresses the body's natural immune response to an antigen.

Inflammation
An immune reaction that occurs in response to any type of bodily injury. Can include redness, heat, swelling, or pain.

Inner Child Therapy
Inner child therapy is a form of regression therapy used by hypnotherapists and healing counsellors to help their clients resolve old childhood issues that are interfering with the advancement into maturity. Inner child work relates to getting in touch with stages of our developmental growth that were wounded or stunted due to stimuli or intensity. This type of therapy helps the adult identify the reasons why she experiences strong emotional reactions to something or someone. Also known as regression therapy.

Inner Voice
Clairaudience, or listening to your inner voice is a form of intuiting inspirational information. Inner voice messages can come from a variety of sources including angels, your soul or higher self, spirit guides, plant devas, and animal totems. Also known as inner ear or inner hearing.

Insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and used in the treatment and control of diabetes.

Interferon
A group of proteins released by white blood cells that combat a virus.

Interleukin-1
A compound produced by the body in response to infection, inflammation, or other immunologic challenges.

Intravenously
Introduced (usually injected) into a vein.

Iridology
Diagnostic system based on the premise that every organ has a corresponding location within the iris of the eye, which can serve as an indicator of the organ’s health or disease. Used by naturopaths and other practitioners, particularly when diagnosis achieved through standard methods in unclear.

Jin Shin Do
Developed by a psychotherapist, it combines acupressure, Taoist yogic breathing and Reichian segmental theory (addresses how emotional tension affects the physical body) with the goal of releasing physical & emotional tension and armouring. Aims to promote a state in which the patient can address the emotional factors that underlie various physical conditions.

Jin Shin Jyutsu
A type of acupressure created by Jiro Murai from Japan; combinations of points are held with the fingertips for a minute or more, usually with the client lying on his or her back.

Juice Therapy
Juice therapy uses the fresh, raw juice of vegetables and fruits to nourish and replenish the body. Used as a nutritional support during periods of stress and illness, juice therapy can also be used as part of a comprehensive health maintenance plan.

Karma
Basic concept common to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. The doctrine holds that one’s state in this life is the result of physical and mental actions in past incarnations and that present action can determine one’s destiny in future incarnations. Karma is a natural, impersonal law of moral cause and effect.

Kinesiology
The study of muscles and their movement. Applied kinesiology is a system that uses muscle testing procedures, in conjunction with standard methods of diagnosis, to gain information about a patient’s overall state of health. Practitioners analyze muscle function, posture, gait and other structural factors in addition to inquiring about lifestyle factors that may be contributing to a health-related problem.

Kundalini
Kundalini is the seed of life energy which resides within the spine or base chakra of the human body. It lies dormant until activated through a spiritual awakening or through the practice of yoga or other chi-charging exercises. The kundalini is symbolized as a coiled serpent or ring of fire.

Labyrinths
Labyrinths are maze-like pathways built specifically to be used for meditative walks. According to history, the Labyrinth has pagan roots, yet eventually found its way into church yards.

Lactose Intolerant
An intolerance to milk and some dairy products, characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms.

Laserpuncture
Laser-based acupuncture. Laser light beams are applied to the acupoints to help stimulate flow of chi and promote healing. Also known as Laser acupuncture, laser therapy.

Law of Attraction
The Law of Attraction is one of universal laws. The theory of the Law of Attraction is that focus creates reality. If we focus on the "lack of" we will exist in a less-than reality. If we focus on "abundance" we will exist in a luxurious reality. The Law of Attraction is not a new phenomenon; the theory behind its teachings has been around for ages. The release of the movie The Secret in 2006, based on Rhonda Byrne's book with the same name, created a media blitz that brought the teachings of the Law of Attraction to new heights. Many Law of Attraction teachers who were featured in the movie hit the talk show circuits promoting the movie and the law itself. Oprah, The Larry King Show, and Ellen were some of the talk shows that invited The Secret teachers as their guests.

LDL Cholesterol
A cholesterol-rich, protein-poor blood plasma correlated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis.

Leukocytes
White blood cells.

Leukocytosis
An increased white blood cell count, usually caused by the presence of an infection.

Leukosis
Abnormal growth of white blood cells.

Light Box
A set of bright, full-spectrum light bulbs inside a box with a reflective background and diffusing screen; produces light that’s 10 to 20 times stronger than ordinary indoor light. Used to treat winter depression, or SAD (seasonal affective disorder). Treatment typically involves spending 15 minutes to 3 hours in front of a light box every day in the fall, winter, and early spring. Research suggests that bright lights help regulate the body’s internal clock, which controls hormone secretion and sleep patterns.

Light Therapy
Light and color have been valued throughout history as sources of healing. Today, the therapeutic applications of light and color are being investigated in major hospitals and research centers worldwide. Results indicate that full-spectrum, ultraviolet, colored and laser light can have therapeutic value for a range of conditions from chronic pain and depression to immune disorders and cancer.

Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
Tiny light sources (frequently used in digital watches and electronic equipment) that have been used in the field of phototherapy. Their power output is low enough to be safe for human exposure but strong enough to stimulate the biological responses involved in healing. Research indicates that LEDs may accelerate the healing of skin wounds and certain other conditions.

Limbic System
A group of brain structures that influences the endocrine and autonomic motor systems.

Lipoproteins
Proteins composed of a simple protein and a fat component that carry fats in the blood.

Lymphatic system
A system of vessels and nodes throughout the body which carry the lymph fluid and help to remove toxins from the body.

Macrobiotics
A lifestyle involving an awareness that we are connected to nature, and therefore, what is best for our physical bodies are those things from the earth. This includes special ways of selecting, preparing and eating organically grown, whole, and mostly vegetarian foods to maximize the energy derived from their consumption. The diet consists of mostly a variety of grains, beans, vegetables, sea vegetables, Japanese condiments, and a little fish and seafood. The lifestyle stresses the importance of fresh air, breathing, moderate exercise, balance in life, use of natural products in the home and on the skin, and orderliness and organization in all things.

Macrophage
Cells that have the ability to recognize and ingest all foreign antigens as well as cell debris and other waste in the blood.

Magnetic Therapy
Magnetic field therapy or bio-magnetic therapy involves the use of magnets, magnetic devices or magnetic fields to treat a variety of physical and emotional conditions, including circulatory problems, certain forms of arthritis, chronic pain, sleep disorders, and stress.

Manipulation
Application of manual force for healing. Term describes the techniques used in osteopathy, chiropractic, massage, and other bodywork therapies. Manipulation may involve various forms of massage, muscle pressure, and joint realignment or adjustment.

Mantra
In Hinduism and Buddhism, mystic word used in ritual and meditation. It is believed to have power to bring into being the reality it represents. Use of such mantras usually requires initiation by a guru, or spiritual teacher.

Manual Lymph Drainage
A specific method of improving lymphatic drainage through specific strokes. This style of lymphatic work is especially helpful in instances of abnormal lymphatic congestion. (Lymph is a coaguleable fluid that bathes the tissues of our bodies, and consists of mostly white blood cells.)

Massage Therapy
The manipulation of the superficial tissues of the human body in order to promote deep relaxation, and release tension. Recent research has proven that massage is therapeutic, and can soothe injured muscles, stimulate blood and lymphatic circulation, improve structure and function of the body, increase toxic elimination, and more.

Medical Astrology
Astrology is the exploration and study of the placements and rotation of stars and planets and their influences on our lives. Medical astrology is employed when signs and planet placements and transits are used to help diagnose ailments and offer insights into health challenges.

Medical Intuitives
A medical intuitive is a psychic or intuitive counsellor who specializes in perceiving information concerning the human body. Medical Intuitives can energetically see and diagnose the insides (organs, glands, blood, etc.) of our bodies.

Medicine, Holistic/Wholistic
Holistic medicine is a broadly descriptive term for a healing philosophy that views a patient as a whole person, not as just a disease or a collection of symptoms. In the course of treatment, holistic medical practitioners may address emotional and spiritual dimensions as well as the nutritional, environmental and lifestyle factors that may contribute to an illness. Many holistic practitioners combine conventional forms of treatment with natural or alternative treatments.

Meditation
Steady, close and consecutive reflection, and attention on one's own inner thoughts, or perhaps on a religious, or spiritual theme; continuous, and patient application of separating oneself from one's own thoughts, and simply watching the mind without any expectation. There are many ways to meditate, but the effect is the same: a centeredness, and stillness within.

Melatonin
Hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain and released mainly at night in the absence of light on the retina. Regulates the onset and timing of sleep and seasonal changes in the body such as winter weight gain. Levels of melatonin decline with age. Melatonin is being investigated as a sleep promoter and to prevent or reduce jet lag. Synthetic melatonin and melatonin derived from bovine pineal glands are available as over-the-counter dietary supplements. Melatonin occurs naturally in some foods but in fairly small amounts. Reported side effects include reduced fertility, inhibition of male sexual drive, hypothermia, damage to the retina. Some physicians and scientists advise against taking melatonin as a long-term supplement.

Meridians
Energy pathways which run along twelve major routes in the body; each meridian is linked to specific internals organs and organ systems in the body.

Merkaba
Sacred geometry helps to raise your chi vibration making spiritual communications stronger. Egyptian in origin, the Merkaba is a sacred meditation tool or ascension vehicle that is used to enhance awareness and help a make spiritual connection to higher teachings. Merkabas come in a variety of geometric designs. They are generally look like stars or flowers and are made from crystal or metal.

Metabolism
The transformation in the body of the chemical energy of foodstuffs to mechanical energy or heat.

Metamorphic Technique
Light touch is applied to the spinal reflexes on the hands, feet, and head to release "stuck" energies. The intention of this type of touching is to bring about change, allowing the recipient to break free of limiting attitudes and beliefs. The Metamorphic Technique originated from Robert. S. John, naturopath and reflexologist. The Metamorphic Association was founded in 1979 by Gaston Saint-Pierre.

Metaphysical
Metaphysical pertains to non-physical or supernatural studies. Topics that are classified as metaphysical include astral projection, reincarnation, astrology, channeling, spiritual entities, lucid dreaming, etc.

Midwifery
Midwives provide education and support during pregnancy, assist the mother during labour and delivery and provide follow-up care. Practitioners of childbirth support include childbirth educators, childbirth assistants and women labour coaches who also provide post-partum home care.

Myofascial Release
Trauma, posture, or inflammation can create a binding down of fascia resulting in excessive pressure on nerves, muscles, blood vessels, osseous structures and/or organs. This hands-on technique seeks to free the body from the grip of tight fascia, or connective tissue, thus restoring normal alignment and function and reducing pain. Therapists apply mild, sustained hand-pressure in order to gently stretch and soften fascia. Treatment is used to treat neck and back pain, headaches, recurring sports injuries, and scoliosis, and other conditions.

Namaste
Namaste is a Hindi salutation or greeting. The word Namaste is a combination of the two Sanskrit words: nama, and te. Basically, nama means "to bow" and te means "you."

Naprapathy
"Napravit" means to correct or fix, and "pathos" means suffering. Practitioners manipulate the muscles, tendons, and ligaments in order to alleviate tension and promote fluidity of motion, and they make recommendations regarding diet. This method resembles chiropractic, but manipulation of the connective tissue is the focus. Other neuromuscular techniques have been added in recent years.

Naturopathic Medicine
An incorporation of a variety of methods all intended to utilize the body's inherent ability to heal; these methods include nutrition, herbal medicine, homeopathy, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, physical medicine, counselling and lifestyle modification, and minor surgery.

Nervine
Nervines help the nervous system and can be subdivided into three groups. Nervine tonics strengthen and restore the nervous system. Nervine relaxants ease anxiety and tension by soothing both body and mind. Nervine stimulants directly stimulate nerve activity.

Network Chiropractic
Uses Network Spinal Analysis, a method characterized by the sequential application of a number of gentle, specific chiropractic adjusting techniques. Care progresses through a series of levels that parallel spinal and quality-of-life changes.

Neural Therapy
A form of therapy based on the idea that illness is the result of disruptions in biological energy and that the disruptions are caused by changes in the electric activity of the autonomic nervous system (which controls involuntary functions like breathing).

Neurological
Pertaining to the study of nervous diseases.

Neuromuscular
Concerning both the nerves and muscles.

Neuromuscular Therapy
(NMT) A form of bodywork which has diagnostic and therapeutic value, NMT is a soft tissue manipulative method which restores the structural, functional, and postural integrity of the body, removes pain, muscular tension, stress, and restrictions to health. Skilful palpatory diagnosis is the focus of the work.

Neurotopic Injection
Treatment involves dozens of injections of small amounts (0.5 cc or less) of sterile saline solution (0.9 percent salt) into the muscles at both sides of the spine near the places where the nerves enter into the back muscles. According to this theory, salt injection helps the nerves function better, leading to improved circulation, control of pain, and healing of numerous disorders. Statistics on successful treatment of back and neck pain, sciatica, disk problems, headaches, arthritis, prostate and thyroid problems, asthma, and allergies have been presented at more than 15 international medical congresses. Technique is being evaluated in double-blind studies at the National College of Naturopathic Medicine in Oregon.

Neurotoxicity
Having the capability of harming nerve tissue.

Neurotransmitter
A neurotransmitter is a brain chemical with the specific function of enabling communications between the brain cells. Chief among the 100 identified to date are acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Acetylcholine is required for short-term memory and all muscle contractions. GABA works to stop excess nerve signals and thus keeps brain firings from getting out of control; serotonin does the same and helps produce sleep, regulate pain, and influence mood, although too much serotonin can produce depression. Norepinephrine is an excitatory neurotransmitter.

Nia Technique
Nia is an expressive, barefooted, dance/fitness practice developed by Debbie and Carlos Rosas. It addresses fitness as well as the unique and ever-changing needs of your thinking and feeling body. Nia, Neuromuscular Integrative Action, is designed to help you discover the transformational power of body/mind integration through joyful movement. Nia's instructor-led choreography invites individuals to be creative and playful, as well as introspective and centered. Nia draws on aspects of Martial Arts, Aikido, Yoga, Tai Chi, Dance and other body integration therapies.

NLP - Neuro-Linguistic Programming
Neuro (neurothogy) represents the brain/mind through which we process our experiences. Linguistic refers to language or communications (both verbal and non-verbal). Programming refers to the ability to process our mental experiences and choosing to model our responses in ways that will bring our goals forward.

Nosode
A homeopathic remedy made from diseased tissue or bodily secretions rather than from a plant or animal. Taken like a homeopathic immunization to build up an immune response against a specific disease. Nosodes are often named for the disease present in the material they were made from - for example, the flu nosode and the infectious mononucleosis nosode.

Nutrition
Nutritionists use diet as therapy. They determine a patient's individual nutritional requirements as well as whether he or she has food allergies. Nutritionists then provide specific dietary guidelines and food supplements, such as vitamins and minerals, to be taken at regular intervals over a long period of time in the maintenance of health and treatment of disease. Many common conditions can be treated effectively by dietary measures.

Occipital Bone
A bone in the lower back part of the skull between the parietal and temporal bones.

Oestrogen
A female hormone responsible for stimulating the development of female secondary sex characteristics.

Organic Food
Is cultivated and processed without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides (insecticides and herbicides), preservatives, colourings, artificial additives or radiation. Certified Organically grown food is such: that has been grown on land where synthetic fertilizers or pesticides have not been used for five years; that has been inspected by a licensed independent third party; and that the product is supported by documentation on soil tests, a statement of organic intent, and an affidavit of confirmation.

Orthomolecular Medicine
A form of nutrient therapy that uses combinations of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids normally found in the body to maintain good health and to treat specific conditions, such as asthma, heart disease, depression, and schizophrenia. "Orthomolecular" means an approach based on a correct (ortho) balance of substances present in the body.

Osteopathic Medicine
Today, the training of M.D.'s and osteopaths (D.O.'s) is strikingly similar, but osteopathic is a holistic discipline which emphasizes prevention and the individual, not just disease. Osteopath philosophy is based on the belief that the body cures itself, and doctors should see the relationship between structure and function, with a special emphasis on the musculo-skeletal system. Osteopaths are licensed to adjust the bones of the body, and manipulate the body, and they may also prescribe medications, give injections, and perform surgery.

Out of Body Experience
Out-of Body (OBE) is a term that describes a period of time when a person's consciousness has drifted from his or her physical body, enabling observation of the world from a non-physical aspect. Also known as Astral Flight, Remote Viewing.

Oxygen Therapy
Hydrogen peroxide therapy, ozone therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) supply increased oxygen to the body.

Palliative Care
Palliative Care is the active compassionate care of the chronically and terminally ill, primarily directed towards improving the quality of life at a time when the patient’s disease is not responsive to curative treatment. The focus of palliative care is on the control of pain and symptoms. The goal is to meet physical, emotional, spiritual, social and cultural needs. This approach encompasses the individual, family, caregivers and the community as a unit and extends to include grief and bereavement. Also known as hospice, care giving.

Parasympathetic Nervous System
The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. Effects of parasympathetic stimulation are the constriction of the pupils, contraction of the smooth muscle of the alimentary canal, constriction of bronchioles, slowing of heart rate and increased secretion by glands, except sweat glands.

Past Life Regression
A method which accesses the memories stored from previous lives to see how one is influenced in this lifetime by past life experiences.

Past Life Therapy
Past life therapy is a technique used for tapping into your mind through hypnotherapy, guided meditation, or visualization to learn patterning from past lives that are affecting the present. Also known as regression therapy.

Pathogens
Disease-producing micro organisms and toxins.

PEMS
PEMS is an acronym for the four bodies represented in holistic healing (Physical, Emotional, Mental, Spiritual).

Pendulums
Pendulums are objects attached at the end of a string or metal chain. When suspended from a stationary position the pendulum will swing back and forth or in a circular motion. A holistic healer will use a pendulum for measuring energy fields or as a dowsing tool for divination purposes.

Peptide
A substance formed by two or more amino acids.

Peripheral Nervous System
Connects the central nervous system to all body tissues and voluntary muscles.

Pet Therapy
A therapeutic approach based on the idea that expressing affection for a pet helps people feel happier, maintain a positive outlook, and therefore improve their health. According to studies, having a pet can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and ward off loneliness and depression. Many nursing homes and some prisons have developed pet therapy programs, with excellent results.

PH
The term pH, which means "potential hydrogen," represents a scale for the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Acidity is measured as a pH of 0.1 to 6.9, alkalinity is 7.1 to 14, and neutral is 7.0. The numbers refer to how many hydrogen atoms are present compared to an ideal or standard solution. Normally, blood is slightly alkaline, at 7.35 to 7.45. The pH of a 24-hour urine sample can range from 5.5 to 7.4. The optimum range is slightly acidic, at 6.3 to 6.7.

Pineal Gland
The function of this gland or body is not fully understood. It is generally believed to be a vestigial (no longer used) sensory organ which is incompletely developed in the modern anatomy; associated with the seventh chakra or the "third eye" used in space/time psychic exercises.

Placebo
Substances having no pharmacological effect.

Plasma
The liquid part of the lymph and of the blood.

Polarity Therapy
Therapy based on a theory of energy flow in the body developed by Randolph Stone, a doctor of naturopathy, osteopathy, and chiropractic. Asserts that balancing the flow of energy in the body is the foundation of health. Specific points along the currents are said to hold positive or negative energies. Practitioners use gentle touch and guidance in diet, exercise and self-awareness to help clients balance their energy flow, thus supporting a return to health.

Potency
The term used in homeopathy to describe the number of times a substance had been diluted and succussed (shaked) according to the strict rules of the Homeopathic Pharmacopeia. When an "x" is written after a number (as in 6x, 30x), it reflects the number of times one part of a medicine was diluted with nine parts of the dilutant (usually distilled water). When a "c" is written after a number (as in 6c, 30c), this refers to the number of times one part of a medicine was diluted with 99 parts of dilutant. When "lm" is written after a number (as in 6lm, 30lm), this refers to the number of times one part of a medicine was diluted with 50,000 parts of dilutant.

Potentization
The pharmaceutical process of repeated dilution with succussion (shaking) by which the homeopathic medicines are prepared.

Polarity Therapy
Based on centuries old writings about the nature of energy, polarity therapists involve their own energy in healing; one hand is positive, one is negative and the placement of the two hands creates a current, stimulating the energy of the recipient. Some therapists also emphasize a vegetarian diet and polarity yoga.

Practitioner
Practitioner is a common term used to identify a healer or therapist that facilitates a healing treatment. Examples:

• Reiki Practitioners
• Huna Practitioners
• Pranic Healing Practitioners
• Breathwork Practitioners

Prana
The yogic concept of a cosmic energy or life force, similar to the Chinese idea of chi, that enters the body with the breath. Prana is thought to flow through the body, bringing health and vitality. It is considered the vital link between the spiritual self and the material self.

Pranayama
A term from yoga and Ayurveda meaning breath control.

Probiotics
Substances such as acidophilus and bifidus that restore the beneficial bacteria normally present in the intestines. Stress, poor diet, antibiotics, and oral contraceptives can throw off the normal balance of bacteria and fungi. This imbalance may be manifested as a yeast infection, or in symptoms such as diarrhoea or gastrointestinal disturbances.

Progesterone
A steroid hormone responsible for the changes in the endometrium in the second half of the menstrual cycle preparatory for implantation, development of maternal placenta and development of mammary glands. Used to treat menstrual disorders, among other problems.

Prostate
The gland that surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra in males and secretes a thin fluid that forms part of the seminal fluid.

Protein
Complex nitrogenous compounds that occur naturally in plants and animals and yield amino acids. Essential for the growth and repair of animal tissue.

Psychic Healing
A psychic receives information from Spirit, and in accordance with universal permission, and the permission of the recipient, is able to provide information and guidance to the recipient. There are also occasions where the psychic can also be a catalyst for the stimulation of the innate healing energy within the recipient. The psychic healer is also able to receive information from spirit about the causes of a person's challenges in life, be it physical, emotional or spiritual. Normally, it is the healer's intent to assist the recipients to utilize and maximize their own innate healing potential.

Psychic Vampires
A psychic vampire is a term used to describe a living person who "drains" others emotionally either empathically (draining the auric life force) or metaphorically (someone who takes emotionally without giving anything back; a "user"). These so-called "vampires" are not to be confused with the blood-sucking vampires of folklore and movie land. Every person has unknowingly drained someone else's energy at one time or another. Chronic psychic vampires generally are not aware that they are stealing energy from others. Fair and balanced energy exchanges make for healthier relationships.

Psychometry
Psychometry is a form of divination in which information is intuited from an object. Psychic vibrations that are housed in the object are communicated to the psychic reader when the object is handled. Mental imagery or feelings will surface telling stories about the people who had handled the object. Psychometry is sometimes practiced in an attempt to solve cases of missing persons. A treasured object owned by the person will serve as a surrogate of the missing person himself to obtain information about their abduction or current whereabouts. Historically, Gypsy fortune tellers would use their gift of psychometry by asking for a piece of silver as payment for a palm or card reading. Not only would the reader look at the cards or analyze palm lines but information would be intuited from the coin that had been previously handled by the client. Psychometry can also be used to learn historical significance about a particular object.

Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is a broad term for the types of therapies that focus on mental illness and emotional imbalances such as anxiety, sadness, and depression. Talk therapy, or psychoanalysis, is a well known type of psychotherapy.

Psychotronics
The science and discipline of how life functions; includes the study of how technology interacts with the human mind, spirit, and body; science, mathematics, philosophy, metaphysics, and esoteric studies are united through the study of psychotronics; it would also include other realities and how we interface with other dimensions of existence; psychotronic devices use radionic tuning to transmit brain waves and are used as mind control technology.

Quantum Touch
Developed by Richard Gordon, Quantum Touch is energy alignment hands-on-healing technique that utilizes meditation and breath work. The Quantum-Touch healing process involves the practitioner “running energy” into the recipient’s body.

Qigong
Qigong combines movement, meditation, and breath regulation to enhance the flow of vital energy in the body, improve blood circulation, and enhance immune functions. Because qigong can be used by the healthy as well as the severely ill, it is one of the most broadly applicable systems of self-care in the world. In China, it is estimated that 200 million people practice qigong everyday.

Radionics
System of alternative medicine developed by Dr Albert Abrams, who believed that diseased body tissue affected the nervous system and gave forth 'dull emanations'. Abrams believed electronic phenomena were involved with this, and he invented a variable resistance instrument called a 'black box' to measure the ohm resistance of different diseases on an electronic circuit. He found for example, that cancer produced a 50 ohm resistance, while syphilis had a 55 ohm resistance. Abrams later modified his technique so he could take readings from a drop of blood. In 1924 a committee established by the Royal Society of Medicine investigated Abrams techniques and were favourably impressed. Today Radionics and its cousin Radiesthesia (medical dowsing) are recognised in Europe as legitimate medical procedures.

Rapid Eye Technology
Rapid Eye Technology (RET) is a self-empowering technique which provides for ocular assisted release which simulates REM sleep patterns characterized by systematic movement of the eyes and eyelids, rapid verbal communication. An eye directing device (wand) which vibrates at a high speed is operated by a trained technician. The wand movement mirrors REM sleep patterns; the client picks up the movement through their vision and sends the message to the brain that REM sleep is occurring allowing the body to release stressful emotions.

Rebirthing
Also known as conscious-connected breathing or vivation. A technique in which the therapist guides clients through breathing exercises to help them re-experience past memories - including birth - and let go of emotional tensions stored in the body.

Reconnective Healing
Reconnective Healing® is a new and very powerful high frequency energy that carries light and information from The Field. It works at a quantum level to facilitate balance and healing at all levels of body, mind, emotion and spirit. By facilitating reconnection of your current Being with your energetic template as it was perfectly designed, it facilitates rapid, permanent change.

Unlike Reconnective Healing®, which works to correct imbalances causing a particular dis-ease, The Reconnection™ makes a complete reconnection of all energetic points and axiatonal lines. It fully connects your personal energy grid with the Earth’s electromagnetic grid, the universal grid, and the perfect divine blueprint of your being. It re-establishes the direct lines of connection to your highest potential and possibilities and greatly accelerates your life path toward fulfillment of your life purpose.

Reflexology
Reflexology teaches that every part of the body has a direct line of communication to a reference point on the foods, hand and ear. By massaging these points, reflexologists are helping the corresponding body part to heal itself by stimulating energy in that area.

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
A chronic condition where pain does not subside and muscle function begins to deteriorate.

Regression
Psychological defence mechanism, viewed as a return to an earlier mode of behaviour, thought, or feeling. The unconscious process that helps the mind resolve conflicts or lessen anxiety by returning to forms of gratification previously abandoned.

Regression Therapy
Regression therapy is a process used for tapping into your mind through hypnotherapy, guided meditation, or visualization. The intention is to unlock patterns from past experiences and memories from our childhood and past lives are creating problems for analysis. After the reasons behind struggles have surfaced the therapist will enable the clients with tools for reaching reasonable degrees of acceptance and forgiveness for past actions and ultimately assist them in moving forward in life in a healthier fashion.

Reiki
Reiki (pronounced Ray Key) is a combination of two Japanese words rei and ki meaning universal life energy. Reiki is an ancient laying-on of hands healing technique that uses the life force energy to heal, balancing the subtle energies in our bodies (physical, emotional, mental and spiritual).

Reiki Creed
Also known as Reiki principles, these are the principles that are based on the teachings of Reiki, a spiritual healing art, collectively called the Reiki Creed. There have been many different variations of this creed written. Shown here is the traditional creed:
Reiki Creed

• Just for today, do not anger.
• Just for today, do not worry.
• Honour your parents, teachers, and elders.
• Earn your living honestly.
• Show gratitude to every living thing.

Remote Viewing
A period of time in which a person's consciousness drifts away from his or her body, enabling observation of the world from a non-physical aspect. Also known as Out-of-Body Experience, Astral Flight.

Rolfing
Rolfing focuses on the connective tissue of the body; its goal is to place the body in balance with gravity. Rolfers ascertain that patterns of imbalance in the body deepen by repetition, and over time, most people are no longer in their vertical axis. These structural changes affect the function of the body, and rolfers seek to integrate the structure for better health.

Rubenfeld Synergy Method
Gentle touch, movement, verbal exchange, and imagination used to access memories and emotions locked in the body. Integrates elements of the Alexander Technique, Feldenkrais Method, Gestalt and Hypnotherapy. Combines bodywork and psychotherapy. May be used for physical or emotional problems or for personal growth.

Saccharides
Saccharides are the eight essential sugars required for all living things. These sugars serve a role so very basic to our bodies it is astonishing. They form the basis of multicellular intelligence and allow our bodies to function as they should. Giving our cells the ability to work together, by providing the requirements for optimal cellular communication keeps us healthy and balanced. This is essential in diverting sickness and disease. Of these eight essential saccharide sugars needed for our bodies to function properly, only a few are found in our common diets. When all eight sugars are introduced to our diet, our bodies have the ingredients to more effectively fight disease, reactivate their immune system and are capable of diverting infection more easily. These sugars provide us with the essential basic required ingredients your body needs to achieve true optimal health.
Mannose - Mannose is a major player in tissue remodelling and intelligent interactions between cells. The addition of mannose to your diet can accelerate the process of cellular communication and healing; inhibit tumour growth and spread; and prevent bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections.
Fucose - Fucose is an immune modulator as well, inhibiting tumour growth and its spread and enhancing cellular communication."(2) Fucose can be found in breast milk as well as some mushrooms.
Galactose - Galactose is abundant in dairy products, where it coexists with glucose in a disaccharide called lactose. The sugar also enhances wound healing, decreases inflammation, enhances cellular communication, and increases calcium absorption.
Glucose - A potent fast-energy source that can be released directly into the bloodstream, glucose also enhances memory, stimulates calcium absorption, and enhances cellular communication.
N-Acetylgalactosamine - Although research on N-Acetylgalactosamine has been limited, we do know that the saccharide inhibits tumour spread and enhances cellular communication.
N-Acetylglucosamine - Glucosamine, a metabolic product of N-Acetylglucosamine, helps repair cartilage, decreases pain and inflammation, and increases range of motion in osteoarthritis.
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid - Particularly important for brain development and learning, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid is, not surprisingly, abundant in breast milk. In addition, it's an immune modulator that affects the viscosity of mucus, which in turn repels bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.
Xylose - An antibacterial and antifungal, xylose also fosters cellular communication.

Sage Smudging
"Smudging" is the name given to the burning of sage for the purpose of cleansing and sending out prayers. Native Americans have practiced the ceremony of smudging for centuries.

Smudging bundles may consist of a combination of sage, cedar sweet grass, lavender, and copal sticks wrapped with cotton string.

Sebaceous Glands
Glands in the skin which help to retain body heat and prevent sweat evaporation.

Self-Actualization
Fully realizing one’s individual human potential.

Self-Awareness
Self-conscious state of focusing attention on oneself. Of the body.

Shamanism
Shamanism is the spiritual practices of ancient civilizations and cultures. Shamanism is the oldest healing tradition in the world. The Shaman in history served as the communicator between the physical and the spiritual worlds through various pagan rituals, trance communications, and visualizations. The role of the shaman varies in different cultures (medicine man, priest, magician, shape shifter, mediator, herbalist). The tradition of Shamanism is observed by modern mankind as a way of returning to its roots, but most of the so-called Shamanism workshops and classes made available to the public are a blending of old and new ways.

Shark Cartilage
A supplement touted as a cancer treatment. Sharks, whose frames are composed of cartilage not bone, get cancer infrequently. Proponents of this treatment claim sharks get cancer infrequently because something in their cartilage inhibits the ability of tumours to create the blood supply needed to continue growing. Shark cartilage is also promoted as an immune system stimulant and remedy for joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.

Shiatsu
Shiatsu arose from the original Chinese massage, Amma. There are significant differences in this Japanese form, however. Shiatsu practitioners focus on the pressure points along meridians with the fingers, hands, elbows, knees, or feet. There are various forms of Shiatsu. Some practitioners manipulate the meridians with two hands, or with burning herbs (moxibustion).

Single-Blind Study
A study in which the treatment group assignment is not revealed to the study participant but is known by the investigator. See also Double-Blind Study

Smudging
Smudging is a healing ritual performed using a smoking wand or stick made from dried herbs for cleansing the human aura, locations, or personal objects. The ritual of smudging can be defined as "spiritual house cleaning." In theory, the smoke attaches itself to negative energy and as the smoke clears it takes the negative energy with it, releasing it into another space where it will be regenerated into positive energy.

Soil-Based Organisms
Soil-based organisms (SBOs) are beneficial microbes, or Probiotics, found in soil. Before chemical farming, the earth was rich in these organisms which naturally destroyed moulds, yeast, fungi, and viruses in the soil. Transmitted in the food supply to humans, SBOs perform the same function in the human body, working with the "friendly" bacteria (such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidabacterium bifidum) inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract to maintain balance in the intestinal flora and thus ensure a healthy digestive system. Since soil has become depleted of SBOs, the ratio of good to bad bacteria in the intestines has become skewed and a host of health problems, including allergies, candidiasis, hormonal dysfunction, and Crohn's disease among other gastrointestinal conditions, are the result.

Sound Therapy
Sound and music can have a very powerful effect on one's health. Sound therapy is used in hospitals, schools, corporate offices, and psychological treatment programs as an effective treatment to reduce stress, lower blood pressure, alleviate pain, overcome learning disabilities, improve movement and balance, and promote endurance and strength.

Sounding the Body
A diagnostic and therapeutic technique used in sound healing. Sound healers read a patient’s body by singing a series of tones and listening for imbalances in the natural frequencies of the body or its’ energy fields. Imbalances are said to be indicated by changes in the tone of the healer’s voice. To correct a problem, the sound healer applies sound to the patient’s body by singing certain tones near the affected organ, or by applying tuning forks or electronic vibratory instruments to the body.

Spiritual/Shamanic Healing
Practitioners who regard themselves as conductors of healing energy or sources from the spiritual realm. Both may call upon spiritual helpers such as power animals, angels, inner teachers, the client’s Higher Self, or other spiritual forces. Both forms of healing can be used for a range of emotional and physical illnesses.

Stimulant
A substance which quickens and enlivens the physiological and metabolic activity of the body.

Structural Exam/Diagnosis
An osteopathic diagnostic technique - involves a visual, hands-on assessment by an osteopathic physician of the skeleton, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons.

Subluxation
In chiropractic, a misalignment of bones within joints said to interfere with the flow of nervous impulses and diminish the body’s ability to stay healthy.

Succussion
An integral part of the homeopathic pharmaceutical process in which a medicinal substance is diluted in distilled water and is vigorously shaken by striking it against a firm surface.

Sweat Lodge
The sweat lodge is a Native American tradition where individuals enter a dome-shaped dwelling to experience a sauna-like environment. The lodge itself is typically a wooden-framed structure made from tree branches. Hot rocks are placed inside an earthen-dug pit located in the centre of this man-made enclosure. Water is periodically poured over the heated rocks to create a hot and steamy room. The sweat ceremony is intended as a spiritual reunion with the creator and a respectful connection to the earth itself as much as it is meant for purging toxins out of the physical body.

• Mental Healing - The sweat lodge ceremony gives its participants the opportunity to free their minds of distractions, offering clarity.
• Spiritual Healing - The sweat lodge ceremony offers a place for introspection and connection to the planet and the spirit world.
• Physical Healing - The sweat lodge ceremony gives anti-bacterial and wound-healing benefits.

Swedish Massage
Swedish massage was developed in 1812 by Swedish physiologist, Henri Peter Ling. Massage therapists applying Swedish massage techniques will use a combination of five different hand strokes to release tension, restore circulation, and to relieve pain.
Five Basic Swedish Massage Hand Strokes

• Effleurage (gliding)
• Friction (rubbing)
• Petrissage (kneading)
• Tapotement (tapping)
• Vibration (shaking)

Synchronicity
Synchronicity is a "happen chance" that occurs that is in perfect alignment with your thoughts or ideas. Often mistaken as coincidences, synchronicities are universal nods, confirming that you are on the right track. Synchronicities can also be road signs that help steer you on to the right track if you are feeling confused or lost in some way.

Synergetic Effect
Where the action of two or more ingredients achieve an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects. Also referred to as Synergism. For example: Phosphorus taken with calcium will cause more of the calcium to be absorbed by the body than if the calcium were taken by its self.

Tai Chi
Originating from the martial arts, Tai Chi is an exercise consisting of graceful and deliberate sequenced movements meant for relaxation and reduction of stress. Tai represents a culture of eastern peoples. Chi represents life vitality or spirit energy.

Tan Tien
Chinese Origin - The tan tien is a power centre located approximately two and one half inches below the naval. The tan tien is used in the martial arts for mental focus and to draw personal power from.

T-Cells
White blood cells which facilitate the immune system.

Tendon
A tough cord or band of dense white fibrous connective tissue that unites a muscle with some other part.

TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)
The delivery of an electric current through the skin to the nerves. Used in physical therapy and to relieve painful conditions such as neuralgia, sciatica, and arthritis. The low voltage electric current blocks the nerves reception of pain signals and possibly stimulates the production of endorphins, the body’s pain-killing chemicals.

Therapy
Treatment and care of someone to combat disease, injury, or mental disorder.

Therapeutic Touch
A contemporary interpretation of several ancient healing practices, therapeutic touch consists of learned skills for consciously directing or modulating human energies by the "laying on of hands" above the body and moving the hands over the body without actual contact, with the intent of working the energy field surrounding the body.

Thymus
A glandular structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in the development of the body's immune system, located in the upper chest or at the base of the neck.

Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland, one of the body's seven endocrine glands, is located just below the larynx in the throat, with interconnecting lobes on either side of the trachea. The thyroid is the body's metabolic thermostat, controlling body temperature, energy use, and, in children, the body's growth rate. The thyroid controls the rate at which organs function and the speed with which the body uses food; it affects the operation of all body processes and organs. Of the hormones the thyroid synthesizes and releases, T3 (tri-iodothyronine) accounts for 7% and T4 (thyroxine) almost 93%; T4 is converted into T3 outside the thyroid gland. Iodine is essential to forming normal amounts of thyroxine. The secretion of both these hormones is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone, or T5H, secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain. The thyroid also secretes calcitonin, a hormone required for calcium metabolism.

Tonic
Often used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic medicine, tonics are often taken as a preventative measure to nurture and enliven.

Toning
In sound healing, projection of a nonverbal sound to balance the body’s energy fields.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Traditional Chinese Medicine is an ancient method of health care that combines the use of medicinal herbs, acupuncture, food therapy, massage, and therapeutic exercise. It has proven effective for many conditions, including chronic degenerative disease, cancer, infectious disease, allergies, childhood ailments, heart disease and AIDS.

Trager Bodywork
Movement-education approach that gently rocks, cradles, and moves the client’s body. Meant to promote relaxation, increase mobility and mental clarity. Used by athletes for performance enhancement and by people with musculoskeletal and back problems.

Trance Dance
For more than 40,000 years people have danced as a way to induce the trance state. They have danced the animals, the elements, their joys and fears. Trance Dance, developed by the Natale Institute, is a facilitated blindfolded dance experience, in which participants join with their spirit to learn and to heal.

Triglyceride
A combination of glycerol with three to five different fatty acids.

Transpersonal Psychology
Metaphysical study of the spiritual aspects of the mind or higher states of consciousness.

Trigger Point/Myotherapy
Myotherapists treat clients in pain by placing pressure specifically to points on a muscle which can trigger a release of tension and pain.

Tumour
An abnormal mass of tissue that is not inflammatory, arises without obvious cause from cells, and possesses no physiologic function.

Universal Life Energy
Universal Life Energy is the life force or living energy that sustains life of organs, cells, tissue, and blood. As a spiritual entity the life force is considered our connective flow to the creator.
Chinese refer to the life force as chi or qi. Hindus call it prana. Greeks know it as pneuma. Japanese refer to it as ki.

Vascular System
Includes the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic, pulmonary, and portal systems.

Veins
The tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart.

Vertebrae
Any one of the thirty-three bony segments that make up the spinal column.

Veterinary
The principles of alternative medicine are as applicable to animals as they are to human beings. Alternative veterinary medicine is directed toward maintaining natural good health. Animal treatment and healing are achieved using gentle yet effective methods, to treat not only symptoms, but to cure their underlying conditions.

Vibrational Healing/Medicine
Promotes healing by balancing the body’s energy field. Can include acupuncture, homeopathy, flower essences, sound & colour healing, crystals, gems, aromatherapy, and energy-based bodywork (Reiki, Therapeutic Touch, and Polarity Therapy).

Violet Flame
Also known as “Seventh ray of the white light”. Information about the Violet Flame of Transmutation was received by the Ascended Master St Germain through channelled materials. The purpose of the violet flame is to free us of negative energies we are holding on to that are born from old karma or past negative influences. Connecting to the violet flame awakens your connection the Christ Consciousness (God Source) and transmutes negative thoughts into positive thoughts. Feelings of guilt turn into acceptance, fear of fate become desired opportunities, etc. The violet flame can be called upon through meditation and incantations.
Violet Flame Incantation:

• I invoke the violet flame be set ablaze within my core being.
• All my imperfections are burnt away, All my fears are put to rest.
• Old karmic ties and negative thoughts fall away, Replaced with opportunity and positive thinking.
• Keep the embers burning inside my belly, As a reminder not to hold on to useless ideas.
• Free me of needless burdens, clearing the pathway to my complete enlightenment.

Viscosity
The thickness or stickiness of a bodily fluid (such as blood).

Visualisation
Visualization is a technique of imagining positive images for promoting physical, mental and emotional wellness. If you are visually imaginative or a daydreamer you already have the tools to use visualization as a means to create positive and healing mental images. Visualization is often used simultaneously with meditation to create a calming and relaxing atmosphere. A therapist will help clients who experience difficulty on their own with this process by reading guided imagery scripts in a soft voice while the person is laying down or reclining in a quiet room. There are also a vast variety of CDs on the market that do the job of the therapist. Turn on the stereo and let yourself be taken away to a place of contentment.

Waterbirth
Waterbirth is a natural birthing process that allows a reduced pain birthing experience for the mother and a gentler entry for the newborn. The lower portion of the labouring mother's body is immersed in a special pool or tub filled with body temperature tap water during the delivery.

Watsu (Water Shiatsu)
Watsu is a bodywork and water therapy treatment where the therapist gently rocks and cradles the client within rejuvenating waters. Watsu uses combination of massage, acupressure, and yoga techniques.

Wellness Coaching
The art of helping a client to help themselves. The coach encourages the client to share the past. Through deep connection with the client, together they can uncover images and situations from the past. The coach will work with the client in whichever way seems most appropriate.

White Light
White light is the space within the universe where positive energies are stored. White light can be called upon by anyone (healers, empaths, etc.) for protection from negative energies or wonky vibrations. White light cannot come to harm or be harmed in anyway. For this reason, negative or "dirty" energies can be sent to the white light for purification and transformation. For example, after cleaning your aura, you can request that the impurities you combed out of your auric field be sent to the white light for cleansing.

Yang Deficiency
Because yang cannot function properly without yin, an imbalance in the energy systems of the body can create a yang deficiency, causing the yang organs to become stagnant. See qi.

Yang Organs
Yang organs are hollow, surface organs such as the intestines, spleen, gallbladder, and the skin.

Yeast
Unicellular fungi of the genus which reproduce by budding, and can cause infections.

Yin and Yang
Chinese philosophy of complimentary aspects of the body/mind to be achieved (be in balance) for optimum health and well being. Yin reflects the passive, non-moving, and feminine energies. Yang reflects the active, moving and masculine energies. The yin and yang symbolizes opposing energies (feminine and masculine) melding together to complete the whole circle. Pronounced yin-yang.

Yin Deficiency
Because yin cannot function properly without yang, an imbalance in the energy systems of the body can create a yin deficiency, causing the yin organs to become stagnant. See qi.

Yin Organs
Yin organs are dense, internal organs such as the kidneys, lungs, heart, liver, and bones.

Yoga
Physical postures and stretches, breathing exercises, and meditation practices all designed to integrate mind, body, and spirit. Some benefits of yoga are to increase health, vitality, and peace of mind, to lower blood pressure, decrease back pain, decrease menstrual problems, anxieties and stress, decrease and control asthmatic attacks, reduce or omit migraines, and much more. Yoga has been proven to retard the aging process.

Yogassage
Yogassage is a form of bodywork that incorporates assisted yoga asanas and therapeutic massage techniques.

Zen
Zen is a form of meditation practice that originates from Buddhist tradition. Typically, Zen is a daily practice.

Zero Balancing
A method for aligning body structure and body energy. Through touch akin to acupressure, practitioner seeks to overcome imbalances in the body’s structure/energetic interface, which is said to exist beneath the level of conscious awareness. Zero Balancing is often used for stress reduction.

Zone Therapy
Another name for reflexology.